Where Science Ends and Wonder Begins in My Tho

Vietnam has a venerable medical tradition combining indigenous Vietnamese medicine (thuốc nam, literally "southern medicine") with Chinese-influenced traditional medicine (thuốc bắc, "northern medicine") and modern Western practices. The most celebrated figure in Vietnamese medical history is Hải Thượng Lãn Ông (1720-1791), a physician and scholar who compiled a 66-volume medical encyclopedia, Hải Thượng Y Tông Tâm Lĩnh, which systematized Vietnamese traditional medicine and remains referenced by practitioners today. Vietnamese traditional medicine emphasizes herbal remedies drawn from the country's extraordinary biodiversity, with over 3,800 plant species documented for medicinal use.

Modern Vietnamese medicine has made remarkable strides despite the devastation of decades of warfare. Chợ Rẫy Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City and Bạch Mai Hospital in Hanoi serve as the country's premier medical institutions. Vietnam gained international recognition for its swift containment of SARS in 2003 — it was the first country declared SARS-free by the WHO, largely due to the decisive actions of Dr. Carlo Urbani, a WHO physician stationed in Hanoi who identified the disease and implemented quarantine measures (tragically dying of SARS himself). Vietnamese surgeons have gained renown for complex separation surgeries of conjoined twins, including the successful 1988 separation of Việt and Đức, conjoined twins who were Agent Orange victims.

Vietnam's ghost traditions are deeply rooted in ancestor worship, the dominant spiritual practice that transcends all religious affiliations in Vietnamese culture. The Vietnamese believe that the spirits of the dead (ma, or linh hồn) maintain an active presence in the lives of their descendants, requiring regular attention through offerings at household altars found in virtually every Vietnamese home. These altars, typically featuring photographs of the deceased, incense holders, and offering plates, serve as the primary point of contact between the living and the dead. The most important spiritual observance is Tết Nguyên Đán (Lunar New Year), when ancestors are formally invited to return home and join family celebrations, with elaborate feasts prepared and new clothes burned as offerings.

Vietnam's ghost folklore features a rich cast of supernatural beings influenced by Chinese Taoist traditions and indigenous Vietnamese beliefs. The ma trơi (will-o'-the-wisp) are phosphorescent lights seen in marshes and rice paddies at night, believed to be the lost souls of those who died without proper burial — particularly poignant given Vietnam's long history of warfare. The con ma (ghost) encompasses various types: ma lai are sorcerer-ghosts who can send their souls out to harm others; ma cà rồng are vampire-like spirits; and oan hồn are restless souls of those who died unjustly, unable to rest until their grievances are addressed. The Vietnamese concept of the wandering soul — a spirit without descendants to care for it — is considered profoundly tragic, and ceremonies (cúng cô hồn) are performed during the seventh lunar month to feed and comfort these forgotten dead.

The traumatic legacy of the Vietnam War (known in Vietnam as the American War) and earlier conflicts with France, China, and Cambodia has profoundly shaped Vietnamese ghost beliefs. Battlefield sites, former prisons, and areas of mass casualties are widely regarded as spiritually charged locations. The Vietnamese government has invested significantly in identifying and reburying war dead, partly driven by the cultural imperative to provide proper burial rites to prevent the creation of restless spirits. Many Vietnamese families continue to search for missing relatives' remains, sometimes employing spiritual mediums to locate bodies — a practice that bridges traditional ghost beliefs and the nation's modern historical trauma.

Vietnam's miracle traditions span its diverse religious landscape. At Catholic pilgrimage sites such as the Our Lady of La Vang shrine in Quảng Trị Province — where the Virgin Mary is believed to have appeared to persecuted Catholics in 1798 — miraculous healings have been reported for over two centuries. Buddhist temples throughout Vietnam document cases of unexpected recoveries following prayer and ritual, particularly at sites associated with the bodhisattva Quán Thế Âm (Avalokiteśvara/Guanyin). Vietnam's Cao Đài religion, a syncretic faith founded in 1926, incorporates spiritual healing practices and claims of miraculous interventions. Traditional Vietnamese medicine includes documented cases of remarkable recoveries attributed to rare herbal remedies sourced from the country's ancient forests, and modern Vietnamese hospitals have reported cases of unexplained recovery that physicians candidly acknowledge they cannot fully explain.

The Mayo brothers built their clinic on a radical principle: collaboration. In an era when physicians were solo practitioners guarding their expertise, the Mayos created a multi-specialty group practice near Rochester that changed medicine forever. Physicians near My Tho, Southern Vietnam inherit this legacy, and the best among them know that healing is never a solo act—it requires the collected wisdom of many minds focused on one patient.

The Midwest's tradition of potluck dinners near My Tho, Southern Vietnam has been adapted by hospital wellness programs into community nutrition events. The concept is simple: bring a dish, share a meal, learn about health. But the power is in the gathering itself. People who eat together care about each other's health in ways that isolated individuals don't. The potluck is preventive medicine served on paper plates.

Catholic health systems near My Tho, Southern Vietnam trace their origins to religious sisters who crossed the Atlantic and the prairie to serve communities that no one else would. The Sisters of St. Francis, the Benedictines, and the Sisters of Mercy built hospitals in frontier towns where the nearest physician was a day's ride away. Their legacy persists in mission statements that prioritize the poor, the vulnerable, and the dying.

Polish Catholic communities near My Tho, Southern Vietnam maintain healing devotions to the Black Madonna of Czestochowa—a tradition brought across the Atlantic and sustained through generations of immigration. Hospital rooms in Polish neighborhoods sometimes display replicas of the icon, and patients who pray before it report a comfort that transcends its artistic merit. The Black Madonna heals homesickness as much as physical illness.

State fair injuries near My Tho, Southern Vietnam generate a specific subset of Midwest hospital ghost stories. The ghost of the boy who fell from the Ferris wheel in 1923, the phantom of the woman trampled during a cattle stampede in 1948, the apparition of the teen electrocuted by a faulty carnival ride in 1967—these fair ghosts arrive in late summer, when the smell of funnel cake and livestock carries through hospital windows.

The Eastland disaster of 1915, when a passenger ship capsized in the Chicago River killing 844 people, created a concentration of ghosts that persists in medical facilities throughout the Midwest near My Tho, Southern Vietnam. The temporary morgue established at the Harpo Studios building is the most famous haunted site, but the Eastland's dead have been reported in hospitals across the Great Lakes region, as if the trauma dispersed geographically over time.

The pharmacology of physician distress—the substances physicians turn to when burnout exceeds their coping capacity—has been studied with increasing rigor. Research published in the Journal of Addiction Medicine estimates that substance use disorders affect 10 to 15 percent of physicians over their lifetime, with alcohol being the most commonly misused substance, followed by prescription opioids, benzodiazepines, and stimulants. Physicians have unique risk factors for substance misuse: easy access to medications, high-stress work environments, the self-medicating tendencies that medical knowledge enables, and the stigma that prevents treatment-seeking. State physician health programs (PHPs) provide monitoring and treatment, but participation is often mandatory following disciplinary action rather than voluntary.

The neurobiology of substance use and burnout share overlapping pathways: both involve dysregulation of dopaminergic reward circuits, stress-hormone systems, and prefrontal executive function. This overlap suggests that addressing burnout proactively could reduce substance use risk. "Physicians' Untold Stories" offers a non-pharmacological alternative pathway for emotional regulation. For physicians in My Tho, Southern Vietnam, who may be at risk for substance misuse, Dr. Kolbaba's extraordinary accounts provide experiences of wonder and meaning that naturally engage the brain's reward systems without the risks of chemical self-medication—a subtle but potentially significant protective factor.

Physician suicide represents the most catastrophic outcome of the burnout epidemic, and the data are sobering. An estimated 300 to 400 physicians die by suicide annually in the United States, a rate that is 1.41 times higher than the general population for male physicians and 2.27 times higher for female physicians, according to research published in the American Journal of Psychiatry. The absolute numbers, while tragic, likely undercount actual physician suicides due to underreporting, misclassification, and the reluctance of medical examiners to assign suicide as cause of death for colleagues. Importantly, physician suicide is not primarily a function of untreated mental illness—many physicians who die by suicide were functioning at high levels professionally, masking their distress behind clinical competence.

The Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act (Public Law No. 117-105), signed in March 2022, addresses some structural barriers. It funds training programs to improve mental health awareness, allocates grants for evidence-based wellness interventions, and includes provisions to reduce stigma associated with mental health treatment-seeking among healthcare workers. For physicians in My Tho, Southern Vietnam, this legislation represents a meaningful step, but legislative change without cultural transformation is insufficient. Dr. Kolbaba's "Physicians' Untold Stories" contributes to cultural transformation by validating the emotional dimensions of medical practice that the profession's stoic culture has suppressed—dimensions whose suppression contributes directly to the despair that drives suicide.

The Dr. Lorna Breen Heroes' Foundation, established by Dr. Breen's family following her death by suicide on April 26, 2020, has become the most visible advocacy organization addressing physician mental health in the United States. The foundation's efforts have been instrumental in several concrete policy achievements: the passage of the Dr. Lorna Breen Health Care Provider Protection Act, successful advocacy campaigns to remove or modify mental health disclosure questions on state medical licensing applications (with 27 states having made changes as of 2024), and the development of educational resources addressing stigma, help-seeking, and systemic burnout drivers.

The foundation's approach is notable for its emphasis on systemic rather than individual solutions. Rather than urging physicians to "seek help," the foundation advocates for removing barriers to help-seeking and restructuring the environments that create the need for help in the first place. For physicians in My Tho, Southern Vietnam, the foundation's work has tangible local relevance: changes in licensing board questions may directly affect local physicians' willingness to seek mental health treatment. "Physicians' Untold Stories" supports the foundation's mission by contributing to the cultural shift it advocates—a shift toward acknowledging that physicians are human, that their emotional responses to extraordinary clinical experiences are assets rather than liabilities, and that the work of healing exacts a toll that deserves recognition, not punishment.