Physician Testimonies of the Extraordinary Near Balboa

Panama's ghost traditions reflect its unique position as a crossroads of the Americas, blending Indigenous Ngäbe-Buglé and Guna (Kuna) spiritual beliefs, Spanish colonial Catholicism, Afro-Antillean spiritual practices, and the supernatural legends that grew around the construction of the Panama Canal. The Guna people of the San Blas (Guna Yala) archipelago maintain a rich spiritual tradition centered on Babigala (Great Father) and communication with the spirit world through neles (spiritual leaders/seers) who can see spirits and divine the causes of illness.

Panamanian mestizo folklore features supernatural figures common to Central American tradition, including La Tulivieja (a woman cursed for infanticide who haunts rivers and forests), La Tepesa (a seductive woman spirit who lures men to their death), and the Chivato (a devil-like figure). The ruins of Panamá Viejo (Old Panama), destroyed by the privateer Henry Morgan in 1671, are a rich source of ghost legends — the burnt city is said to be haunted by the ghosts of Spanish colonists, enslaved people, and Indigenous inhabitants who died during the pirate attack.

The construction of the Panama Canal (1904–1914) and the earlier French attempt (1881–1889) killed an estimated 25,000 to 30,000 workers, primarily from yellow fever, malaria, and accidents. The Canal Zone's hospitals, worker barracks, and jungle clearings generated a rich body of ghost stories among the diverse workforce of West Indian, European, and American laborers. The Afro-Antillean community in Panama, descended from Caribbean workers who built the canal and the railroad before it, brought traditions including obeah and spiritual healing practices that continue in communities in Panama City, Colón, and Bocas del Toro.

Panama's multicultural population brings diverse perspectives to near-death experiences. The Guna people's spiritual tradition, which includes the concept of purba (soul/spirit) that exists independently of the body and can travel during dreams, illness, and death, provides a framework for understanding out-of-body and near-death phenomena that aligns with clinical NDE reports. The nele spiritual leaders are believed to have experienced spirit journeys to other realms — experiences functionally similar to NDEs — as part of their spiritual initiation. The Ngäbe-Buglé people's beliefs about the soul's journey to Kugwe (the place where the spirits go) contain passage-through-darkness motifs common in NDE literature. Panama's Catholic majority tends to interpret NDEs through Christian eschatological frameworks. The Afro-Antillean community's beliefs about duppies and the spirit world add another layer of interpretation. Panama's growing medical infrastructure and the cultural diversity of its patient population make it a rich, if understudied, context for understanding how cultural background shapes the content and interpretation of near-death experiences.

Panama's most prominent miracle tradition centers on the Cristo Negro (Black Christ) of Portobelo, a life-sized dark wooden statue of Christ said to have arrived miraculously — according to legend, a ship carrying the statue tried to leave Portobelo's harbor multiple times but was turned back by storms until the statue was left behind. The Festival del Cristo Negro on October 21 draws tens of thousands of purple-clad pilgrims who walk to Portobelo from across Panama, many on their knees, seeking healing or fulfilling promises for favors received. The statue is associated with numerous claimed miraculous healings, particularly from serious illnesses. Guna spiritual healing practices, led by neles who diagnose and treat illness through spirit communication and the use of medicinal plants and carved spirit figures (nuchus), document healings that practitioners attribute to spiritual intervention. The Ngäbe-Buglé peoples maintain healing traditions involving sukia (spiritual healers) who combine plant medicine with spiritual practices.

Lutheran church hospitals near Balboa, Panamá Province carry a specific Nordic austerity into their ghost stories. The apparitions reported in these facilities are restrained—no wailing, no dramatic manifestations. A transparent figure straightens a bed. A spectral hand closes a Bible left open. A hymn is sung in Swedish by a voice with no visible source. Even the Midwest's ghosts practice emotional restraint.

Tornado-related supernatural accounts near Balboa, Panamá Province emerge from the Midwest's unique relationship with the sky. Survivors pulled from demolished homes describe entities in the funnel—some hostile, some protective—that guided them to safety. Hospital staff who treat these survivors notice that the most extraordinary accounts come from patients with the most severe injuries, as if proximity to death amplified whatever the tornado contained.

Medical school curricula near Balboa, Panamá Province are beginning to include NDE awareness as part of cultural competency training, recognizing that a significant percentage of cardiac arrest survivors will report these experiences. The question is no longer whether to address NDEs in medical education, but how—with what framework, what language, and what balance between scientific skepticism and clinical compassion.

Midwest teaching hospitals near Balboa, Panamá Province host grand rounds presentations where NDE cases are discussed with the same rigor applied to any unusual clinical finding. The format is deliberately clinical: presenting complaint, history of present illness, physical examination, laboratory data, and then—the patient's report of an experience that occurred during documented cardiac arrest. The NDE enters the medical record not as an oddity but as a finding.

Midwest volunteer ambulance services near Balboa, Panamá Province are staffed by farmers, teachers, and store clerks who respond to emergencies with a calm competence that would impress any urban paramedic. These volunteers—who receive no pay, little training, and less recognition—are the first link in a healing chain that extends from the cornfield to the OR table. Their willingness to serve is the Midwest's most reliable vital sign.

The 4-H Club tradition near Balboa, Panamá Province teaches rural youth to care for living things—livestock, gardens, communities. Physicians who grew up in 4-H bring that caretaking ethic into their medical practice. The transition from nursing a sick calf through the night to nursing a sick patient through the night is shorter than it appears. The Midwest produces healers before they enter medical school.

The phenomenon of 'shared grief' — grief experienced collectively by communities affected by mass loss events — has received increased attention in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused an estimated 18 million excess deaths worldwide. Research published in The Lancet found that for every COVID-19 death, approximately nine bereaved family members experienced significant grief reactions, producing a 'grief pandemic' that affected over 150 million individuals globally. For communities like Balboa, where the pandemic claimed lives and disrupted every aspect of communal life, the collective grief remains a significant psychological burden. Dr. Kolbaba's book, while written before the pandemic, addresses the universal themes of loss, hope, and continued consciousness that are directly relevant to the pandemic grief experience.

The anthropology of death—studied by researchers including Philippe Ariès ("The Hour of Our Death"), Ernest Becker ("The Denial of Death"), and Allan Kellehear ("A Social History of Dying")—reveals that the modern Western experience of death as a medicalized, hidden, and feared event is historically anomalous. For most of human history, death was a public, communal, and ritually rich experience. Physicians' Untold Stories, by describing what happens at the bedside when physicians witness transcendent moments, partially restores this older relationship with death for readers in Balboa, Panamá Province.

Kellehear's research is particularly relevant: he has documented that deathbed visions and social-spiritual experiences of dying are consistent features across cultures and historical periods—features that modern medicine has marginalized but not eliminated. The physician accounts in Dr. Kolbaba's collection represent contemporary observations of these perennial phenomena, described in the language of modern medicine but recognizable to any student of the history of dying. For readers in Balboa who sense that our culture's relationship with death has become impoverished, the book provides a corrective—a window into the richer, more mysterious experience of dying that our ancestors knew and that medicine, despite its best efforts, has not fully suppressed.

The dual process model of grief, developed by Stroebe and Schut (1999), proposes that healthy bereavement involves oscillation between 'loss-oriented' coping (processing the emotional pain of the loss) and 'restoration-oriented' coping (adjusting to the practical changes created by the loss). Research published in Death Studies has confirmed that this oscillation pattern is associated with better psychological outcomes than either constant focus on loss or constant avoidance of loss. Dr. Kolbaba's book facilitates both types of coping simultaneously: the physician accounts of death and dying engage the reader's loss-oriented processing, while the evidence of continued consciousness and ongoing connection supports restoration-oriented coping by providing a framework for a changed but continuing relationship with the deceased. For grief counselors in Balboa, the dual process model provides a theoretical rationale for recommending the book to bereaved clients.